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.3.8.3 El cual, etc. who/whom/whichYou can use el cual/la cual/los cuales/las cuales whenyou are talking about a person or a thing, and you canalso use it when there is a preposition before the pronoun i.e.to whom (or who.to), for whom (or who.for).It must agree in gender and number with the noun itrefers to.La silla, al lado de la cual The chair beside which the catestaba sentado el gato was sitting( The chair the cat was sitting beside )El tejado, sobre el cual la The roof on which the policepolicía ha descubierto discovered the criminalal criminal ( The roof the police discovered thecriminal on )Los soldados, contra los The soldiers against whom theycuales luchan are fighting( The soldiers they are fightingagainst )Las casas, detrás de las The houses behind which are thecuales están los árboles trees( The houses the trees are behind )3.8.4 Cuyo/a, cuyos/as whoseYou use cuyo/cuya/cuyos/cuyas when you want to saywhose.The word has to agree in gender and number withthe noun it refers to.El coche cuyo motor es ruidoso.The car whose engine is noisyLa princesa cuya nariz es grande.The princess whose nose is bigEl hombre cuyos niños son The man whose children arepesados irritatingEl hotel cuyas habitaciones son The hotel whose rooms arecaras expensiveI Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of que,quien, el cual or cuyo as best fits the meaning of thesentence.Pronouns a ¿Quién es la chica ____vi en Who is the girl I saw in the park?149el parque?b No conozco a la señora ____ I don t know the woman whovive aquí.lives here.c No sé ____ dirigirme sobre I don t know who to talk totodo esto.about all this.d Éste es el chico ____ coche This is the boy whose car ran meme atropelló.over.e Es una persona de ____ She is a person about whom Ino sé nada.know nothing.f Busco a un español ____ I m looking for a Spanish manvive en Roma.who lives in Rome.3.9 Éste/ésta, ése/ésa, aquél/aquélla this, that, etc.There are three demonstrative pronouns in Spanish whichdo the same job as this and that in English.They agree innumber and gender with the noun they are referring to, andeach has a different function according to how far away theobject being referred to is from the person who is speaking.When you would use this in English (i.e.for somethingright next to you), use éste/ésta (etc.).For something thatis a bit further away, but is still near you, use ése/ésa (etc.).Finally, for things that are even further away, useaquél/aquélla (etc.).Here is a table of all three words in alltheir forms.In practice, Spanish people use éste and aquélmost, and ése comes in useful when all three pronouns areneeded together.singular pluralmeaning masculine feminine masculine femininethis éste ésta éstos éstas(next to you)that ése ésa ésos ésas(near you)that aquél aquélla aquéllos aquéllas(further away)Pronouns ¿Cuál de los anillos prefieres? Which ring do you prefer?150Prefiero éste.Tú prefieres aquél, I prefer this one (here).You prefer¿verdad? that one (there), don t you.¿Cuáles de las flores prefieres? Which flowers do you prefer?Yo prefiero éstas, y tú prefieres I prefer these, and you preferésas, ¿verdad? Pero mi those, don t you? But mymadre prefiere aquéllas.mother prefers those overthere.I Say you want to order these things.Para la boda, quiero.a un novio hermosob unas damas de honorc un traje de noviad una alianza de oroe un collar de plataf una diadema bonitag unos pendientes de platah un ramo de floresi unos zapatos blancosj unos guantes blancosII Say you want those things, using ése or aquél.y como regalos.a unas sábanasb una cama cómodac unas mantasd un espejoe unos mantelesf un armario grandeg una cocina de gash un congeladori una batería de cocinaj unos vasos bonitos3.10 Fast track: PronounsA pronoun is a word which stands for a noun
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