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.402, in Yonosuke Nagai and Akira Iriye, eds.The Origins ofthe Cold War in Asia, New York: Columbia University Press, Tokyo: University ofTokyo Press, 1977.12 Yoshihide Soeya, Nihon gaiko to chugoku 1945 72, Tokyo: Keiogijuku daigakushuppan-kai, 1997, p.33.13 Ibid., p.36.14 FRUS: The Conferences at Malta and Yalta 1945, p.859.15 Ibid.16 Ibid., p.770; Lee, op.cit., p.378.17 FRUS, op.cit.; Harry S.Truman, Memoirs (2 vols), Vol.II, Years of Trial and Hope,Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1956, pp.316 317; James F.Schnabel, United StatesArmy in the Korean War, Policy and Direction: The First Year, Washington, D.C.:Center of Military History United States Army, 1992, p.7.18 Schnabel, op.cit.19 FRUS 1944, Vol.V, pp.1224 1228; Lee, op.cit., p.380.20 Lee, op.cit., pp.380 381.FRUS 1945, op.cit., pp.358 361.21 W.Averell Harriman and Elie Abel, Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941 1946, New York: Random House, 1975, p.492.Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing TheEneny: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pressof Harvard University Press, 2005, pp.130 176.22 Ibid.23 Michael Schaller, The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold Warin Asia, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, pp.74 75.24 Haruki Wada, Hoppo ryodo mondai rekishi to mirai, Tokyo: Asahi shimbun-sha,1999, p.172.25 Wada, op.cit., p.379; Kimie Hara, Japanese-Soviet/Russian Relations since 1945: ADifficult Peace, London and New York: Routledge, 1998, p.17. Notes 19926 John Lewis Gaddis, Korea in American Politics, Strategy, and Diplomacy, 1945 50, Nagai and Iriye, eds, op.cit., p.278.27 FRUS: The British Commonwealth and the Far East, 1945, Vol.VI, pp.1073 1074;Schnabel, op.cit., p.19.28 Kumao Nishimura, Sanfuranshisuko heiwa joyaku (Nihon gaikoshi Vol.27), Tokyo:Kajimakenkyujo shuppan-kai, 1983, p.14; Schnabel, op.cit., pp.21 22.29 They were USA, UK, USSR, China, France, Holland, Canada, Australia, NewZealand, India, Philippines.Burma and Pakistan joined later, in November 1949.30 Australia represented the British Commonwealth.31 Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Wednesday, December 6, 1950, No.237 pp.AAA10 AAA15, Chou Hits U.S.Policy on Peace Treaty, RG 59 GeneralRecords Relating to the treaty of Peace with Japan Subject File 1945 51, box 5, Second Instrument Peace Treaty Material File, National Archives, College Park,M.D.(NA hereafter).32 Schnabel, op.cit., p.24.33 Lee, op.cit., p.382.34 Ibid., pp.382 383.35 Schnabel, op.cit., p.26.36 Ibid., pp.26 27.37 Ibid., pp.26 27.38 Ibid., p.29; Nishimura, op.cit., p.14.39 From W.D.Allen, Foreign Office (London) to Sir E.Dening, GCMG., OBE., BritishEmbassy, Tokyo September 13, 1955, FO/371/115234, Public Record Office, London(PRO hereafter).40 Thomas H.Etzold and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Documents onAmerican Policy and Strategy, 1945 1950, New York: Columbia University Press,1978, p.251.41 Nihon gaikoshi jiten, 1992, pp.601 603.42 Resolution 376, October 7, 1950, FRUS 1950, Vol.VII, p.904 906; Hideki Kan, Beisoreisen to amerika no ajia seisaku, Kyoto: Mineruva-shobo, 1997, 3rd edition, p.330.43 Kan, op.cit., p.391.44 Ibid., p.332.45 Ibid., p.330.FRUS 1950, Vol.VII, pp.1449 1461; Nihon gaikoshi jiten, 1992,pp.601 603.46 Eiichi Shindo, Bunkatsu sareta ryodo okinawa, chishima, soshite anpo Sekai,Vol.35, April 1979, p.32; Makoto Iokibe, Beikoku no nihon senryo seisaku, Vol.I,Tokyo: Chuokoron-sha, 1993, p.226.47 T-316, May 25, 1943, Korea: Territorial and Frontier Problems, RG59, Records ofHarley A.Notter, 1939 45, Records of the Advisory Committee on Post-war ForeignPolicy, 1942 45, box 63, NA.48 Ibid.49 CAC-334, December 20, 1944, Korea: Territorial Problems: Quelpart Island andPort Hamilton, RG59, Records of Harley A.Notter, 1939 45, box 116, NA, ibid.50 Iokibe, op.cit.(Vol.II), pp.108 11.For general procedure on drafting policydocuments and decisions, see Iokibe (Vol.II), pp.113 117.51 Hiroshi Shigeta and Shoji Suezawa, Nisso kihon bunsho shiryo-shu, 1855 1988-nen,2nd edition, Tokyo: Sekainougoki-sha, 1990, pp.70 71; Takashi Tsukamoto, Heiwajoyaku to takeshima (sairon), Reference, March 1994, pp.32 33.52 Shigeta and Suezawa, op.cit., p.71; Tsukamoto, op.cit., p.33.SCAPIN 677 alsoexcluded Okinawa and the Kurile Islands, as well as the Habomais and Shikotan, fromJapan.53 In SWNCC 59/1, the section Areas not to be placed under trusteeship was dividedlargely into three categories of territorial dispositions.They are (1) certain outlyingand minor Japanese islands already covered by international declarations or international 200 Notesunderstanding, including (a) Formosa and Pescadores, (b) Southern Sakhalin andKuriles, (c) Korean Islands; (2) minor islands in regard to which, in accordance withthe Potsdam Declaration, the Allied powers have reserved the disposition, and whichare not required for security reasons to be detached from Japan, including (a) the IzuIslands, (b) the Ryukyu Islands, (c) islands of the Inland Sea; and (3) other areas, con-sisting of (a) the Spratly Islands, (b) the Antarctic.(Scholarly Resources, Inc.,Microform Publication: U.S.State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, Policy Files,1944 47, Microfilm LM 54, Roll No.8, NA.)54 Ibid.(Italicized by author.)55 For early peace treaty plans and background, see Takeshi Igarashi, Tainichi kowano teisho to tainichi senryo seisaku no tenkan, Shiso, No.628, October 1976,pp.1481 1503.56 Eiichi Shindo, op.cit., p.34.57 RG59, Decimal File 1945 49, 740.0011 PW (PEACE), box 3513, NA.58 Map not found in the Archives.59 RG 59, box 3513, NA, op.cit.60 Ibid.61 Nishimura, op.cit., p.12
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